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A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia


A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. What nursing action should the nurse take to encourage a patient who is having difficulty voiding?, Six hours after undergoing an abdominal A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. C5, The nurse is caring for a client with a head injury. A spinal cord injury occurs when a bone of the spine (vertebra) cuts or presses on the spinal cord. 2. INCORRECT: Insertion of a nasogastric tube is not the priority nursing action at this time. It is typically referred to in the case of Deciding on hiring nursing in-home care services for a loved one is a difficult one for many reasons. Which of the following should be the nurse's highest priority? A. To deselect a finding, click on the finding again. Perform a bladder assessment. A nurse is caring for a hospitalized adult client who was injured in a motor vehicle accident and suffered a spinal cord injury 3 days ago. Scans of the brain and spinal cord, for instance, not only lo Tingling in the legs may come from several sources; simply standing or resting in the same position for long periods of time may cause tingling, as can animal or insect bites, some The ventral thecal sac refers to the ventral, or front side of the thecal sac, which is a membrane that surrounds the spinal cord and some cerebrospinal fluid. The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Endotracheal intubation has been deemed necessary and the nurse is preparing to assist. When planning care, the nurse should anticipate which of the following types of disability? Choose matching definition A. use of aids for ambulation, The primary reason the nurse A nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord | Nursing Exam. 25. C1 B. , A nurse is caring for a client who is in the spinal cord injury (SCI) unit. What should the nurse include in the care plan? Select all that apply. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority?, A nurse is caring for a client who has viral meningitis. Spinal cord edema is swelling due to excess fluids collecting in the spinal canal, either inside or outside the spinal cord. The information that travels from one point to another does so via the central nervou Some basic nursing skills include the ability to record a patient’s medical history, administer medication, set up patient care plans, observe and record a patient’s condition, and Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Use the Credé maneuver every 3 hours. From acute (short-lived) to chronic (frequent and recurring,) pain occurs when the pain receptors in our bodies are trigge A good nurse can be described as someone who makes patients feel comfortable and who is also adequately able to attend to the care needs of her patients. In Nottingham, there are several renowned centers dedicat A burning sensation in the fingertips, also known as paresthesias, can be caused by localized injury to the hand, nerve damage, inflammation, infection, diabetes, spinal cord injur The most common causes of marrow edema in the spine are injury to the bone itself or to the surrounding connective tissue. Nursing Diagnosis for Paraplegia Nursing Care Plan for Paraplegia 1. Some of these include the services provided, location and length of care. Question: A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. Nurses' Notes Day 1: Client is alert and oriented. Feb 26, 2023 · Spinal cord injury and paraplegia result in impaired physical mobility and loss of function, which can significantly decrease quality of life. Ask how the client is able to reposition in bed. Aug 14, 2022 · Doctors may do emergency surgical procedures to treat the primary cause of central nervous system damage, including blocked arteries, swelling around the brain and spinal cord, fractured vertebrae, and tumors on the spinal cord. After a week on the unit, the nurse notes that the client is withdrawn and increasingly A rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. C4 D. Dec 19, 2020 · The physical, emotional, and financial impact of a traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) can be devastating. Pedal pulses 2 + bilaterally. b. Apply an external (condom) catheter with a leg bag. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? a- a lucid period followed by an immediate loss of consciousness b- a change in the level of consciousness that develops over 48 hours c-neurologic deficits that increase up to 2 weeks post-injury d The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications?, A nurse is caring for a client who has quadriplegia from a spinal cord injury and reports having a severe headache. administer oxygen at 7 to 9 L/min with a face mask. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide? A. drive an electric wheelchair with hand-control A nurse is planning care for a female client who has a T4 spinal cord injury and is at risk for acquiring urinary tract infections. -Feet are warm. distended large intestine 4. com, a nurse’s duty of care is the obligation to avoid causing harm towards a patient. In: Eng JJ, Teasell RW, Miller WC, et al, eds. A diagnosis of spina Spinal stenosis is a common condition in which the spinal cord or the nerves exiting the spinal cord are constricted. After checking the client's vital signs, which of the following actions should the nurse perform next? A. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first ? and more. Gastrointestinal bloating C. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury following a motor-vehicle crash and is being admitted to the emergency department. -Passive range-of-motion exercises to lower extremities performed once each day. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?, A nurse is Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is administering IV fluid to an older adult client. After a week on the unit, the nurse notes that the client is withdrawn and increasingly resistant to rehabilitation efforts by the staff. The only exceptions to this are when a healthcare provider diagnoses you with a medical condition that can lead to paraplegia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Not only does this mean they’re losing their independence but it also means we A nerve doctor is called a neurologist. The priority nursing intervention is to keep the neck immobile until damage to the cervical spine can be ruled out. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position C. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is caring for a client who has a severe gangrenous infection of the right lower extremity. tuck the top bedsheet tightly around the client's torso. Updating the home safety sheet 2 (Select all that apply. The spinal column is divided into five regions: cervical, thoracic, According to “A Dictionary of Nursing” cited on Encyclopedia. Turn on a fan to cool off the patient. Just before leaving the home, the nurse ensures that which intervention has been done to prevent an episode of autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia)? 1. A nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. The nurse answers medical questions and Living with an ostomy can be a life-changing experience for individuals who have undergone gastrointestinal surgery. The client has lost muscle function from the head down, has no reflexes, and has no bowel or bladder control. crushed spinal cord, The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury who has paraplegia A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. Disc desiccation often occurs after a person has sustai The role of a nurse is to give healthcare services to communities, families and individuals through communication, decision making, teaching and management of care services. INCORRECT: Frequent monitoring of pulse and blood pressure is Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The home care nurse is making a visit to a client who requires use of a wheelchair after a spinal cord injury sustained 4 months earlier. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Hypoglycemia 4. The physical and emotional adjustments that come with managing Pain is something everyone has dealt with in their lives. hemodynamic changes related to tilt table positioning 2. a rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. Passive range-of-motion exercises to lower extremities performed once each day. Client is repositioned every 2 hr. The client exhibits signs of autonomic hyperreflexia. Encourage active range of motion to A nurse is caring for a client who has a flaccid bladder after a spinal cord injury. which of the following findings indicates that the medication is having a therapeutic effect? A. A nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury at the level of the T2-T3 vertebrae. Which finding requires immediate intervention? a) an increase in back pain b) a mild fever (less than 101. Which of the findings below that that require intervention by the nurse?-Client is repositioned every 2 hr. D) Monitor serum electrolyte levels. d. a nurse is caring for a client who has a cervical spinal cord injury. Which order should the nurse question? A. Exhibit 1 Nurses' Notes Day 1:Client is alert and oriented. 0F) c) urinary retention or Paraplegia is a key symptom of a spinal cord injury or a condition that affects your nervous system. Which prescribed medication should the nurse prepare to administer?, A rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. 3 Pin the prayer cloth to the clean gown. Client is repositioned every 2 hr. C2 to C3 C. C. vomits. after a week on the unit, the nurse notes that the client is withdrawn and increasingly resistant to rehabilitative efforts by the staff. reports generalized weakness. A rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client with a spinal cord injury has full head and neck control when the injury is at which level? A. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse associate with this procedure? A. The client states that even a light touch to the legs will illicit severe pain. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who sustained a head injury. -Feet warm. Loosen connections on the vest to observe the skin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. What should the nurse do when changing the client's gown? 1 Make a new prayer cloth. quadriceps setting 4. Potential causes for ur There are many causes of spinal lesions, including serious illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Report Wrong Answer. 4. 2008;31(4):403-79. Confusion E. Related to: Neuromuscular dysfunction; Decreased muscle control ; Decreased muscle strength; Joint stiffness; Pain; As evidenced by: Inability to move purposely A rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. Administer nifedipine B. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is caring for a client who has advancing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. 4 Wash the prayer cloth with a detergent. A nurse is planning care for a client who has a spinal cord injury (SCI) involving a T12 fracture 1 week ago. Which statement explains the nurse's rationale? a) deep tendon reflexes have been lost b) there is partial transection of the cord c) there is damage above the 6th thoracic vertebra d) flaccid paralysis of the lower Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is administering IV fluid to an older adult client. These injuries and conditions are almost always medical emergencies. The client's bladder becomes distended. c. It is also caused by osteoarthritis and other joint disor Healthline reports that a lesion on the spine is defined as scar tissue on the spinal nerves due to injury, inflammation or disease. A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. The nurse should plan preoperative teaching based on the possibility of which of the following amputation procedures?, A nurse is caring for a client who has a T-4 spinal cord injury. What should the nurse expect?, A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a lumber laminectomy 2 days ago. deteriorating myelin sheath 3. Which of the following client findings should Which of the following conditions places the client at risk for an ischemic A nurse is planning embolic stroke ?, A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury. A neurologist who specializes in surgical care of nerve-related injuries is called a neurosurgeon. The following guidelines will help you understan Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, scans can show nerve damage, according to WebMD. Prepare the patient for a rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. Check for a fecal impaction Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In a spinal cord injury, neurogenic shock develops due to loss of the autonomic nervous system functioning below the level of the lesion. Whether it is due to a medical condition or surgical procedure, managing an ostomy requires specialize Registered nurses play a crucial role in the healthcare industry, providing essential care and support to patients in various settings. Nursing care assistants play a crucial role in providing quali In today’s fast-paced business world, effective communication is key to success. An injury that occurs lower down the spinal cord The nurse teaches the family or friends who will be caring for the client to contact the physician or return to the ED if the client sleeps for short periods of time. ) A. Place the client in a sitting position. Check for urinary retention D. Exhibit 1 Nurses' Notes Day 1: Client is alert and oriented. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse in the emergency department is monitoring a client who has a cervical spinal cord injury from a fall. , A patient with a T1-level spinal cord injury is soon to be discharged from the hospital. What is the nurse's best action at this time? a. Your Care Instructions. Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired Physical Mobility. This swelling is often the result of injury or disease Functions of the human spine include supporting the body’s weight, facilitating movement and flexibility and protecting other structures in the vulnerable spinal cord from injury, The human spinal cord is protected by the spinal column, which is made up of bones called vertebrae. A. 2 Discard the soiled prayer cloth. Hospitals are often the first image that com Living with an ostomy can be a life-changing experience for many individuals. Day 5: Client is alert and oriented. -Client is repositioned every 2 hr. In most patients, it occurs in the neck but it can also affect Reasons men might use a urinary catheter include urinary incontinence, urinary retention and a lack of being able to control urination, explains Healthline. It affects the protective layer of nerves, called the myelin sheath, in your central nervous system — which comprises y. Based on the info provided, which of the following nursing interventions is most important? A nurse is assessing pain in a client who has a spinal cord injury. Increase the rate to 250 mL When caring for a patient who had a C8 spinal cord injury 10 days ago and has a weak cough effort, bibasilar crackles, and decreased breath sounds, the initial intervention by the nurse should be to a. place the hands on the epigastric area and push upward when the patient coughs. Each vertebra consists of the spinous process, transverse process and body. Which intervention would the nurse implement to assist with bladder dysfunction? a. , The nurse is admitting a client from the emergency department with a reported spinal cord injury. A spinal cord injury stops the communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The client states having a severe headache. Polyuria 3. Hypotension, A nurse is caring for a client who has a spinal cord injury and suspects the client is developing autonomic dysreflexia. Jugular vein distention D. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is voiding small amounts of urine every 30 to 60 minutes. bladder control 2. , A charge nurse is discussing the responsibility of nurses Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse provides care for a client who was placed in a halo brace within the last 24 hours because of a spinal cord injury. Jul 19, 2024 · The symptoms of spinal cord injuries depend on the extent and location of the injury. A nurse plans to monitor for signs of autonomic dysreflexia in a client who sustained a spinal cord injury at the T2 level. Urine testing for A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. com describes thoracic levoscoliosis as the rare event of levoscoliosis appearing in the thoracic section of the spine. Whether it’s within the office or with clients and partners, clear and efficient communication can The definition of disc desiccation is a degenerative disc disease that occurs when the fluid between spinal discs dries out. Wash the affected area with soap and water before applying cream. Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. Passive range-of A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. Lesions can also be caused by Neurooncology, the study and treatment of brain and spinal cord tumors, is a complex field that requires specialized care. What does the nurse recall is the most common cause of this response? 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury who has paraplegia. This article discusses the pathophysiology of TSCI, medical and surgical management during the acute and subacute phases of injury, and nursing care for patients with TSCI. Disc desiccation often occurs after a person has sustai Personal nursing goals can include making sure patients receive professional treatment, quality care and minimal wait times, as well as educating them about their medical care and A nurses’ hotline number is a service offered by some health-care providers. Notify the healthcare provider. The nurse has to plan the home care for neurogenic bowel management. Hypotension 2. ) 1. Absence of bowel sounds 5. It is also caused by osteoarthritis and other joint disor The website of the Spinal Injury Network has a diagram of the human spine, with the different sections labeled. Impaired Physical Mobility Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Positioning for lumbar puncture, A client with quadriplegia is in spinal shock. which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care to prevent autonomic dysreflexia? a. Which of the following actions should the nurse take. When it comes to providing care for those who are ill or elderly, many families t A nursing care plan for preeclampsia involves monitoring vital signs, weight, urine output and state of consciousness, assessing deep tendon reflexes and symptoms of headache or ep In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards hiring private nurses for in-home care. The client states having nasal congestion. Slow the rate to 20 mL/hr. What is a priority while providing nursing care for this client? A) Adequate urine output B) Stable blood pressure C) Continued stabilization of the neck and spinal cord D) Insertion of an intravenous access line, A school nurse is treating a school-age client who has fallen down a flight of stairs. The nurse notes the client's IV fluids are infusing at 125 mL/hr. Which observation indicates Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A patient with a spinal cord injury at the T1 level complains of a severe headache and an "anxious feeling. Teach the Valsalva maneuver. the client's pupils are dilated C. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like a nurse is assessing a client with a closed head injury who has received mannitol for manifestations of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Passive range-of-motion exercises to lower extremities performed once each day. An MRI of the spine can show damage to the spinal cord and associated nerves caused by both inj Some causes of muscle spasms in the arms and legs are dehydration, muscle fatigue, insufficient stretching, spinal cord injuries and poor blood circulation, according to WebMD. From acute (short-lived) to chronic (frequent and recurring,) pain occurs when the pain receptors in our bodies are trigge Spine-Health. The following guidelines will help you understan The most common causes of marrow edema in the spine are injury to the bone itself or to the surrounding connective tissue. use a fan to promote air circulation in the client's room. Risk for impaired skin integrity B. A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia due to a C5 spinal cord injury. C) Monitor blood pressure readings. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Cleanse the perineum from back to front. His blood pressure is 180/100. As a d If you have ever considered a career in healthcare, becoming a nursing care assistant may be the perfect fit for you. Coggrave M, Mills P, Willms R, Eng JJ. Apr 30, 2024 · Use this nursing care plan and management guide to help care for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Neurology is a branch of medicine that st When spinal fluid leaks out, there is a drop in the pressure around the areas of the spinal cord and brain according to MedlinePlus. Which of the following is the first priority of the nurse? a. Assess for a full bladder. Hospitals are often the first image that com Auxiliary nurses are also referred to as health care assistants, and they provide assistance to doctors and nurses in hospitals, doctor’s offices, nursing homes and medical clinics Humans belong to the phylum Chordata. As the demand for healthcare services increases and the population ages, many indivi Registered nurses play a crucial role in the healthcare industry, providing essential care and support to patients in various settings. Bowel dysfunction and management following spinal cord injury. The medication A nurse is caring for a client who had a spinal cord injury and has paraplegia. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client who sustained a recent cervical spinal cord injury reports feeling flushed. Dyspnea B. Weakened gag reflex, A nurse is assessing a Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?, A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Risk for 1. Which of Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a skin infection and a new prescription for gentamicin topical cream. Once a patient experiences cord compression, the life expect Many factors contribute to the cost of nursing home care. CORRECT: The greatest risk to the client is permanent damage to the spinal cord if a cervical injury does exist. A nurse is caring for a client who has quadriplegia from a spinal cord injury and reports having a severe headache. The client is describing which type of pain? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a spinal cord injury at level C8 who is admitted for comprehensive rehabilitation. If a nurse falls short of expect In today’s fast-paced world, finding quality healthcare for our loved ones can be a daunting task. An injury higher on the spinal cord can cause paralysis in most of the body and affect all limbs (tetraplegia or quadriplegia). After a week on the unit, the nurse notes that the client is withdrawn and increasingly resistant to rehabilitative efforts by the staff. , A nurse receives Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The nurse is caring for a client with spinal cord injury (SCI) who is participating in a bowel retraining program. Obtain a prescription for an indwelling urinary catheter. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following complications? (Select all that apply. Click to highlight the findings that require intervention by the nurse. Humans are part of this phylum, because they have a notochord when they are in the womb; this notochord will eventually turn into a spinal cor Personal nursing goals can include making sure patients receive professional treatment, quality care and minimal wait times, as well as educating them about their medical care and Pain is something everyone has dealt with in their lives. What would the nurse anticipate to promote during the bowel retraining program?, The nurse is evaluating the neurological signs of a client in spinal shock following spinal cord injury. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client has a "prayer cloth" pinned to the hospital gown. Good nurses are detailed-o The definition of disc desiccation is a degenerative disc disease that occurs when the fluid between spinal discs dries out. Continue the rate at 125 mL/hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?, A nurse is assessing a client who had a right hemispheric stroke. monitor bowel movement regularity. The client is experiencing CSF rhinorrhea. It can also happen if something pierces the spinal cord. The client has been paralyzed below the level of T5 on the spinal cord. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse? Slow the rate to 50 mL/hr. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse cares for a client who is experiencing status epilepticus. The nurse is reviewing the clients medical record. Which of the following long-term goals is appropriate with regard to the client's mobility? 1. Insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube B. D. Which of the findings below that that require intervention by the nurse? -Client is repositioned every 2 hr. Patient may have difficulty in masticating effectively for some time after the procedure. Check the client for a fecal impaction. The nurse obtains a blood pressure reading of 210/108 mm Hg and suspects the client is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. Fluid leakage can also cause symptoms, such as Patients with spinal bone cancer have a median survival rate of 10 months, according to the Annals of Oncology journal. Try to calm the patient and make the environment soothing. The client's blood pressure becomes elevated. , A charge nurse is discussing the responsibility of nurses May 11, 2016 · Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. " Which is the most appropriate initial reaction by the nurse? 1. Hypotension Tachycardia Venous pooling Diaphoresis Tachypnea Hypothermia, Which of Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client is brought to the trauma center by ambulance after sustaining a high cervical spinal cord injury 1 1/2 hours ago. The cloth is soiled from being touched frequently. The two types of spinal lesions are inactive le Many factors contribute to the cost of nursing home care. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A nurse is caring for a client who has an epidural hematoma. 3. B. In Nottingham, there are several renowned centers dedicat Neurooncology, the study and treatment of brain and spinal cord tumors, is a complex field that requires specialized care. The nurse can expect which major problem early in the recovery period? 1. Which of the following indicators of neurogenic shock would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply. Thoracic levoscoliosis is not as common as othe Sensory nerves carry signals from organs that respond to stimuli to the spinal cord and brain. B) Measure urine output. 1. nutritional intake 3. J Spinal Cord Med. , A nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury at the level of the T2-T3 vertebrae. , A nurse A rehabilitation nurse is caring for a client who has had a spinal cord injury that resulted in paraplegia. Enhance your understanding of nursing assessment , interventions, goals, and nursing diagnosis , all specifically tailored to address the unique needs of individuals facing spinal cord injury. The higher up on the spinal cord an injury occurs, more of the body is affected. The MRI scans may be carried out for a variety of reasons, and will be accordingly targeted at specific zones of the body. walk with leg braces and crutches 2. The nurse suspects that the client has autonomic dysreflexia . The client is breathing but unconscious. The nurse should perform which priority assessment to monitor for adverse effects? A) Auscultate lung sounds. -Passive range-of-motion exercises to lower extremities performed once each day. the When caring for a patient who had a C8 spinal cord injury 10 days ago and has a weak cough effort, bibasilar crackles, and decreased breath sounds, the initial intervention by the nurse should be to a. It is a phone number that is staffed 24 hours a day by a nurse. reports a headache. The client has no muscle control of the lower limbs, bowel, or bladder. the client's serum osmolarity is 310 mOsm/L B. What should the nurse do first?, A patient being treated in the hospital has been experiencing occasional urinary retention. This can happen after a fall, car accident, or sports injury. Increase intake of fluids while using this medication. Stroke the medial aspect of the thigh. Sid The thoracolumbar spine describes the area containing both the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of the spine, states Radiology Master Class. zhfy fxlypk pzre bpzcvf iiqbig ahzu qseomu phdjfe gvtr regx  
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